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The shift from springtime to summertime marks the start of the horticulture season. Naturally, you can’t wait for the ground to thaw and immediately start planting seeds. However, there are a few important steps to prepare a new plot for crops during the warmer months.

Thankfully, growing thriving crops is simple, whether you’re a novice or an experienced gardener. Don’t let preparation intimidate you. Follow these eight tips for starting a new vegetable garden this summer:

1. Create a Plan

Before planting anything, it’s crucial to decide which plants you want to grow. Some vegetables and fruits—such as tomatoes, beans, summer squash, broccoli, and cucumbers—are better suited to summer heat than others.

You might also consider companion planting, depending on how many crop types you plan to grow. For example, summer squash doesn’t grow well near potatoes, while corn and tomatoes should be planted separately. Companion planting aims to group crops that offer mutual benefits, such as improved nutrition or natural pest control.

2. Pick the Right Location

Once you know what plants to include, choose the best location to accommodate their spacing and growth needs. A vegetable garden requires at least six hours of full sunlight daily, so ensure no trees block the light from late morning to afternoon.

In hot climates, excessive sunlight and temperatures above 85-90 degrees Fahrenheit can damage plants. Planting too close to reflective surfaces, like light-colored walls, can also cause problems.

Additionally, ensure the area drains well after heavy rain. Poor drainage can lead to waterlogging or root rot.

3. Select Your Garden Type

You can plant crops directly in the ground, or grow them in pots or raised garden beds. Many people find raised beds easier to maintain, and they often yield higher harvests.

Raised beds offer better control over soil quality, reduce erosion and compaction, and improve moisture retention. They also retain heat for longer growing periods. Similarly, container plants are low-maintenance and can be moved to optimize sunlight exposure.

4. Test the Soil’s Nutrients and pH

The soil must contain sufficient nutrients and the proper pH level for plants to thrive. If the pH is too high, plants may struggle to absorb phosphorus and iron.

Testing your soil every three years is recommended—especially before planting a new crop—to ensure it is healthy and well-balanced. While at-home soil tests are available, they are often less accurate than those conducted by your state’s cooperative extension service.

The extension service typically provides testing kits for a small fee, detailing your soil’s pH and nutrient levels. They also offer valuable resources and techniques to help your crops flourish.

5. Fertilize or Compost

Soil test results will indicate whether your soil requires fertilizer before planting. For small garden areas, a handheld sprayer works well for applying fertilizers sparingly. For larger plots, consider a trolley pump.

Organic fertilizers, though more expensive, are safer for people, plants, and animals. Mixing compost into the soil is another excellent way to boost nutrient content and improve plant growth.

6. Lay Mulch

You might think mulch should only be applied after planting, but it’s fine to do so earlier. Mulching prevents weeds, regulates soil temperature, and retains moisture.

It also helps nutrients stay in place and reduces water pooling during heavy rain. Beneficial insects, which prey on harmful pests, often find shelter in mulch.

Apply 1-4 inches of mulch, depending on the growth stage of your plants. When starting out, use a lighter layer. Options like straw, pine needles, bark chips, grass clippings, and crushed shells are lightweight and won’t inhibit germination.

7. Water the Soil

The right amount of water is crucial for healthy plants. Overwatering can cause nutrient leaching, while infrequent watering may deprive roots of oxygen. The water required depends on the depth of the roots. Most vegetable roots grow 6-12 inches deep, though some extend to 24 inches.

To check soil moisture, insert a rod into the ground. When it meets resistance, note the depth, then measure the rod’s insertion length to gauge how deep the soil is wet.

Consider using watering cans, hoses, or sprinklers for adequate irrigation. Alternatively, drip irrigation systems are cost-effective and help maintain nutrient levels.

8. Plant Your Crops

After choosing a location and preparing the soil, it’s time to plant seeds or seedlings. Always buy seeds from a reputable source and check the expiration date, planting instructions, and growing conditions on the packaging.

Some gardeners prefer starting seeds in peat pots or trays before transferring them once sprouted. Seedlings, which are already a few inches tall, can be an easier option for beginners.

Refer to your gardening plan to determine which companion plants to group together. Also, ensure you plant seeds at the appropriate depth for optimal growth.

Grow a Successful Garden This Summer

Even those without a green thumb can cultivate a thriving garden with proper preparation and patience. By following these tips, you’ll enjoy fresh, homegrown produce and a rewarding new hobby.